Allgemein

Aktives oder passives Fondsmanagement?

August 4, 2019

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Fonds als Vermögensanlage zu nutzen, ist in der Zeit der Niedrigzinsen wohl eine gute Alternative zu anderen Anlagen wie dem Sparbuch oder dem Tagesgeldkonto. Wer sich schon einmal dafür entschieden hat, in Fonds zu investieren, steht nach dieser Entscheidung vor der nächsten Frage: Soll es ein aktiver oder ein passiver Fonds sein? Um Ihnen bei dieser Entscheidung zu helfen, zeigen wir Ihnen hier auf, was die beiden Arten voneinander unterscheiden und was jeweils die Vor- und Nachteile sind.

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Unterschiede zwischen aktiv und passiv gemanagten Fonds

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Der größte Unterschied liegt – wie schon an den Bezeichnungen erkennbar ist – darin, dass es Fonds gibt, hinter denen ein aktives Management steht und eben auch Fonds, die passiv ausgerichtet agieren (i.d.R. an einen Index angelehnt).

Das bedeutet:

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Hinter aktiven Fonds steht im Prinzip immer ein Manager (oder ein Managerteam), der nach einer bestimmten Strategie arbeitet. Nehmen wir an wir reden von einem Aktienfonds. Dann kauft und verkauft er also nach seiner individuellen Strategie und Meinung bewusst Anteile ganz bestimmter Unternehmen. Er analysiert die Märkte und die einzelnen Unternehmen, setzt Schwerpunkte und wählt seine Investitionen in unterschiedlichen Gewichtungen aus. Dasselbe gilt für einen aktiven Renten-, Immobilien- oder Rohstofffondsmanager eben in seinem speziellen Segment völlig analog.

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Bei passiven Fonds dagegen handelt es sich um börsengehandelte Indexfonds oder ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds). Diese bilden i.d.R. einen bestimmten Index 1:1 ab – zum Beispiel den des DAX. Weil der Index exakt 1:1 abgebildet wird (und zwar in allen Marktphasen), kann es natürlich passieren, dass man auch einmal einen Absturz in Kauf nehmen muss, ohne aktiv dagegen steuern zu können.

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Kostenfaktor spielt eine Rolle

Ein ausschlaggebender Unterschied zwischen aktiven und passiven Fonds sind die anfallenden Kosten. Grundsätzlich sind aktive Fonds teurer als passive.

Bei aktiv gemanagten Fonds sind je nach Fondstyp jährliche Kosten von 1% – 2,5% p.a. die Regel. Die jährlichen Verwaltungskosten von Indexfonds liegen i.d.R. bei maximal 0,35% p.a.

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Die Renditefrage

Rendite – Es gibt Studien, die belegen, dass es den wenigsten Managern gelingt, auf lange Sicht und wiederholt den jeweiligen als Benchmark angegebenen Index zu schlagen. So kommt es, dass in Bezug auf die Rendite in positiven Börsenphasen meist der ETF gewinnt, denn die Ausgaben für aktive Fonds sind höher, während es den Managern häufig nicht gelingt, den Index zu schlagen.

Auch wenn man die Ziele betrachtet, gibt es Unterschiede. So ist das Ziel eines aktiven Fonds, den Markt zu schlagen – das heißt also, ein Fondsmanager eines deutschen Aktienfonds möchte, dass das Portfolio eine höhere Rendite erzielt als zum Beispiel der deutsche Aktienindex als seine Messlatte. Passiv zu investieren bedeutet dagegen, dass man den Markt kauft, das Ziel ist also nicht, eine Überrendite zu erzielen, sondern genau den Markt abzubilden. So kauft man ein DAX-ETF, wenn man den Markt der 30 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen Deutschlands abbilden möchte oder ein MSCI World-ETF, will man die wirtschaftlich wichtigsten Aktienunternehmen der gesamten Welt abbilden.

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Robo-Advisor – eine (auf den Beratungsprozess bezogen) relativ neue Form des „passiven Investments“

Wer sich mit passiven Fonds beschäftigt und an einem Investment interessiert ist, sollte sich vielleicht einmal einen Robo-Advisor etwas genauer ansehen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine „computergesteuerte“ Investitionshilfe. Das heißt also, Sie müssen nicht mehr selbst zu einem Berater gehen und mit diesem persönliche mehrstufige Beratungsgespräche führen. Stattdessen können Sie sich mit Hilfe des Robo-Advisors von zu Hause aus einen Anlagevorschlag erstellen lassen und diesen sogar auch direkt abschließen, wenn er Ihnen gefällt. Der Robo-Advisor der Patriarch heißt „truevest“ und ist unter www.truevest.de zu finden. Die Kosten für eine vermögensverwaltende Robo-Advisor-Investition können Sie wohl zwischen den beiden bisher genannten Varianten einordnen: Also die laufenden Kosten sind i.d.R. günstiger als bei aktive gemanagten Fonds, aber etwas teurer als bei ETFs. Dafür kennen Robo-Advisor keinerlei Einstiegsgebühren, ebenso wie etwaige jährliche Depotgebühren.

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Aktive oder passive Fonds – was ist besser für Sie?

Diese Frage können generell natürlich nur Sie selbst beantworten, wenn Sie sich ausreichend mit dem Thema befasst haben und die Vor- und Nachteile gegeneinander abgewogen haben. Helfen kann bei der Entscheidung, welche Art von Fonds für Sie individuell die richtige ist, wenn Sie sich zunächst einmal ein paar grundlegende Fragen stellen. Wie zum Beispiel:

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Generell kann gesagt werden, dass sich passive Fonds oft für Aktienneulinge eignen, die langsam anfangen möchten, ihr Vermögen zu investieren und zu vermehren und selber noch wenig Know-how mitbringen. Zusätzlich hilfreich ist für solche Einsteiger natürlich auch, dass die Produkte i.d.R. auch noch günstiger sind. In der Patriarch-Welt ist dabei der Patriarch Vermögensmanagement Fonds (WKN: A0EQ04) besonders beliebt.

[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=“4_4″][et_pb_divider _builder_version=“3.22.7″ z_index_tablet=“500″ show_divider=“off“ /][et_pb_divider _builder_version=“3.22.7″ z_index_tablet=“500″ /][et_pb_divider _builder_version=“3.22.7″ z_index_tablet=“500″ show_divider=“off“ /][et_pb_divider _builder_version=“3.22.7″ z_index_tablet=“500″ show_divider=“off“ /][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=“3.22.7″ author=“Dirk Fischer “ job_title=“Geschäftsführer der Patriarch Multi-Manager GmbH “ portrait_url=“https://www.rocket-fonds.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Fischer-1426-5884.jpg“ quote_icon_background_color=“#f5f5f5″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=“text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=“text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=“text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=“500″ animation_style=“slide“ animation_delay=“800ms“]

Abschließend darf festgehalten werden, dass der „Glaubenskrieg“ zwischen Verfechtern von aktiven und passiven Fonds unter den Investoren dadurch weiter angeheizt wird, dass es in Bezug auf das Abschneiden von Fonds inzwischen mehrere Studien gibt, die ziemlich klar belegen, dass passive Fonds auf Dauer gesehen die aktiv gemanagten Fonds meist schlagen und es nur wenigen Fondsmanager gelingt, auf Dauer regelmäßig die Märkte zu schlagen. In der Realität zeigt sich aber eher, dass es bestimmte Märkte gibt, wo passives Investieren ratsam erscheint (z.B. der breite US-Aktienmarkt) und andere Segmente (z.B. europäische Blue-Chips) wo aktives Investieren besser funktioniert. Wie so oft im Leben ist es also auch hier keine Frage von „entweder oder“, sondern von „und“ !

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[xyz-ihs snippet=“ratgeber-anforderung“]

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